Affirmative Action is one aspect of the federal government's effort to ensure equal employment opportunity. Executive Order 11246 prohibits federal contractors like the University of California from discriminating against employees on the basis of race, sex, religion, color, or national origin, and requires contractors to implement affirmative action plans to increase the participation of minorities and women in the workplace. With the implementation of The Regents' Resolution SP-2, effective January 1, 1996, UC hiring authorities can conduct targeted outreach to minorities and women only where underutilization has been identified. The Berkeley Campus Staff Affirmative Action Plan serves as a working document for reporting on career staff personnel actions and implementing the campus commitment to affirmative action.